An operating system is a crucial component of any computer system. It acts as an intermediary between the hardware and software, providing a platform for applications to run and enabling users to interact with the computer. In this article, we will explore the six essential functions of an operating system.
As students of the digital age, it’s essential to understand the pivotal role that operating systems (OS) play in making our computers work seamlessly. From the moment we power on our devices, the operating system takes charge, orchestrating a multitude of tasks that enable us to perform various actions effortlessly. In this article, we’ll embark on a journey to explore the functions of an operating system, shedding light on its core features and the magic it brings to the world of computing.
In this article, we present some Important and essential Functions Of Operating System designed to challenge your skills and expand your knowledge.
Introduction
Imagine your computer as a complex orchestra, with the operating system acting as the conductor, harmonising all the instruments to create a melodious experience. Every action you take on your device, from opening an app to browsing the web, is intricately managed by the operating system. Let’s uncover the magic behind the scenes by exploring the core operating system functions.
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Functions Of Operating System
As per diagram shows , os has multiple functions and each function has its unique capabilities. So we learn about each function step by step below, so continue your reading below:
Process Management
The operating system manages many kinds of activities ranging from user programs to system
programs like printer spooler, name servers, file server etc. Each of these activities is encapsulated in a process. A process includes the complete execution context (code, data, PC, registers, OS resources in use etc.).The basic unit of software that the operating system deals with in scheduling the work done by the processor is either a process or a thread, depending on the operating system. It’s tempting to think of a process as an application, but that gives an incomplete picture of how processes relate to the operating system and hardware.
The application you see (word processor or spreadsheet or game) is, indeed, a process, but that application may cause several other processes to begin, for tasks like communications with other devices or other computers. There are also numerous processes that run without giving you direct evidence that they ever exist. A process, then, is software that performs some action and can be controlled by a user, by other applications or by the operating system It is processes, rather than applications, that the operating system controls and schedules for execution by the CPU.
5 Major Activities of Operating system Related to Process Management
- Creation and deletion of user and system processes.
- Suspension and resumption of processes.
- A mechanism for process synchronization.
- A mechanism for process communication.
- A mechanism for deadlock handling.
Memory Management
Services provided under Memory Management are directed to keeping track of memory and allocating/deallocating it to various process. The OS keeps a list of free memory locations. Before a program is loaded in the memory from the disk, this MM consults the free list, allocates the memory to the process, depending upon the program size and updates the list of free memory. Primary-Memory or Main-Memory is a large array of words or bytes. Each word or byte has its own address. Main-memory provides storage that can be access directly by the CPU. That is to say for a program to be executed, it must in the main memory.
The major activities of an Operating System Related to memory-management are:
- Keep track of which part of memory are currently being used and by whom.
- Decide which process are loaded into memory when memory space becomes available
- Allocate and de allocate memory space as needed.
File Management
A file is a collected of related information defined by its creator. Computer can store files on the disk (secondary storage), which provide long term storage. Some examples of storage media are magnetic tape, magnetic disk and optical disk. Each of these media has its own properties like speed, capacity, data transfer rate and access methods. A file systems normally organized into directories to ease their use. These directories may contain files and other directions.
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5 main major activities of an operating system Related to file management are :
- The creation and deletion of files.
- The creation and deletion of directions.
- The support of primitives for manipulating files and directions.
- The mapping of files onto secondary storage.
- The backup of files on stable storage media.
Device Management
Device management is responsible for managing all the hardware device of computer system. It may also include management of storage devices as well as management of input and output devices. It is responsibility of the operating system to keep track of status of all devices in computer system. The status of all any computing devices can be either free or busy. If a device request by process is free at a specific instance of time the operating system all locate it to the process. operating system is also capable of a device communication.
Security and Protection
The system against the on un authorized access to data or any other entity by means of password protection. A user cannot access the information without the password. If a computer system has multi users & allow the concurrent execution of multiple processes then the various processes must be protected from one another’s activities. For that purpose, mechanisms ensure that files, memory segments, CPU & other resources can be operated on by only those processes that have gained proper authorization from the OS
Job Accounting
Job accounting is a crucial aspect of operating system functionality, focusing on the meticulous tracking and recording of resource usage for individual tasks or processes. It involves monitoring various system resources, such as CPU time, memory usage, disk space utilization, and network bandwidth consumption. By maintaining detailed records of resource consumption, job accounting facilitates comprehensive analysis, evaluation, and optimization of system performance.In today’s complex computing landscape, job accounting continues to play a vital role in promoting effective resource management and overall system reliability.
Communication
In the computer system, there is a collection of processors which do not share memory peripherals devices or a clock, the operating system manages communication between all the processes. Multiple processes can communicate with every process through communication lines in the network. There are some major activities that are carried by an operating system with respect to communication.
- Two processes may require data to be transferred between the process.
- Both the processes can be on one computer or a different computer, but are connected through a computer network.
Conclusion
Operating systems are the unseen heroes who work behind the scenes to make every digital contact possible. These systems manage a range of functions in a seamless manner to guarantee that our gadgets work smoothly. Operating systems play a critical role in everything from managing hardware resources and multitasking to memory and file management. They allow networking capabilities while also facilitating user interface interactions. They identify and address faults while providing maintenance tools for effective system functioning. Operating systems, in essence, choreograph the harmony of our digital environment, resulting in a smooth and efficient computer experience.
Helpful Tips
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